man looking at his mobile phone while holding his passport
Canada Flag

The Government of Canada is responsible for ensuring the secure, efficient movement of people across its borders while protecting national security and traveler privacy. Through organizations such as the Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) and Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), the government continuously invests in modern border and travel initiatives to improve traveler experience, enhance risk assessment, and support operational efficiency. 

As global travel volumes increased and expectations for safe, touchless journeys accelerated during COVID‑19, Canada explored innovative digital identity and border management solutions to enable seamless travel while maintaining strong security controls.

According to the UN World Tourism Organization, the tourism sector was in a period of sustained growth pre-COVID-19, with air travel being the most popular mode of transportation. The increase in traffic – coupled with a lack of resources and space at airports – gave rise to the growth of seamless travel and border initiatives. This has been accelerated by COVID-19, given the recent emphasis on safe and touchless travel and borders.

In response to these issues, Entrust (formerly WorldReach) and government partners embarked on a collaborative project to reduce wait time for admissible people crossing the Canadian border. The Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) also identified the need to improve information management to process people quickly and securely. The ability to facilitate the clearance of low-risk travelers, while detecting and/or deterring potential terrorists/criminals before entry, is of critical importance to the Government of Canada. The Chain of Trust project partners came together through a call for proposals from the Centre for Security Science, which is managed by Defense Research Development Canada. Entrust worked with government partners Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) and CBSA, as well as Face4 Systems and the University of Ottawa on the initial prototype. The subsequent pilot involves CBSA, Face4, and the Greater Toronto Airport Authority (GTAA).

The Chain of Trust pilot project uses Entrust’s Identity Verification as a Service platform to remotely perform identity verification for returning Canadian nationals currently traveling overseas. This is followed by eligibility screening, security checks, arrival and border security, while feeding into security management and biometric exit controls at the airport. In essence, the front door to seamless traveler journey and “zero touch” border management, which is especially relevant now given COVID-19 protocols.

Chain of Trust facilitates continuous risk assessment at every point in a traveler’s trip – from the time of recording flights in the mobile app, to getting off the plane to officially entering the country – to ensure an expedient traveling process.

The Chain of Trust process starts when travelers download the app and use their smartphone to obtain information from their passport to validate its authenticity. Validated information is then used to derive a Digital Travel Credential and store it securely on their smartphone for subsequent submissions of travel data to the appropriate government agencies. This ensures the traveler is who they say they are, while providing the government with validated data to make a detailed risk assessment. Traveler privacy is ensured using Privacy by Design and safeguarded using techniques such as encryption of biometrics and personally identifiable information during transmission to the government. No personally identifiable information is retained in the Entrust solution.

When checking in for the return flight to Canada, traveler information is shared with CBSA via Advanced Passenger Information Systems. Business rules use this data (and other data such as risk factors) to reach an assessment of the traveler’s admissibility. The mobile app prompts the traveler to complete their declaration, which can be e-signed and submitted on arrival. The traveler is guided through each step via personalized notifications sent to their smartphone.

As travelers walk through border clearance, facial recognition corridors identify and direct them to appropriate border processing zones. The integrated Chain of Trust process helps CBSA identify persons of interest so they can react to travelers in a timely and secure manner. Throughout the border processing zones, roving border officers can make use of wearable technology to check the traveler’s status and risk assessment information, changing their status if necessary.

illustration of internal and international checks in the seamless travel identity verification process

The Chain of Trust pilot demonstrated how remote identity verification and continuous risk assessment can be integrated across the traveler journey to support more efficient and secure border processing. By enabling identity verification, eligibility screening, and declarations to occur before arrival, the solution helped shift key processing steps away from the physical border environment.

The pilot supported the facilitation of low‑risk, admissible travelers while enabling border authorities to identify persons of interest earlier in the journey. Information collected through the mobile app was securely shared with government systems to support admissibility assessments and guide travelers through required steps using personalized notifications.

At the border, the integrated use of facial recognition corridors, real‑time traveler status, and risk assessment information supported timely and informed decision‑making by border officers. The approach aligned with COVID‑19 protocols by enabling touch‑minimized, “zero‑touch” interactions while maintaining strong privacy protections through encryption and Privacy by Design principles.

The Chain of Trust pilot validated a collaborative, technology‑enabled approach to border management that balances traveler experience, operational efficiency, security, and privacy.

The Chain of Trust pilot established an integrated, mobile‑led approach to identity verification, eligibility screening, and border processing for returning Canadian nationals. By demonstrating how remote identity verification, continuous risk assessment, and biometric border processing can work together across the traveler journey, the project provides a foundation for seamless and touch‑minimized border management.

The collaboration between Entrust, CBSA, IRCC, airport authorities, and technology partners illustrates how validated digital identity and secure information sharing can support government objectives for efficient traveler facilitation, improved security, and privacy‑by‑design protections. The pilot’s outcomes inform how similar digital border capabilities could be applied to future travel scenarios, supporting evolving requirements for safe, secure, and efficient border operations.

Aligned for Seamless Travel

Aligned with the World Travel & Tourism Council’s Safe and Seamless Traveler Journey, IATA’s One ID, and ICAO’s Digital Travel Credential (DTC), a safer, more seamless air traveler experience is possible via the Chain of Trust.

Project Facts

  • Technology Demonstration Prototype -April 2017 until March 2019
  • Pilot Project - June 2020 to January 2023
  • (Initial pilot deployment was in March 2021)

Markets and Capabilities

  • Government Travel and Citizen Services
  • Safe and Seamless Traveler Journey
  • Digital Identity, Verification, and Onboarding

Products Deployed

  • Chain of Trust/eVisa as a Service Mobile App
  • Identity Verification as a Service

External Integration

  • Integration with CBSA Back Office

Technology Development

  • Various microservices (ex. Photo QA service, Facial Match Service, e-Passport Validation service, ePassport Signature Validation service, eSigning service)
  • Digital Travel Credential
  • Chain of Trust Mobile API
  • Android and iOS App
  • NFC Document Scanning
  • Optical character recognition of the passport’s MRZ
  • Presentation Attack Detection

Operates On

  • Windows OS
  • Windows IIS
  • SQL server
  • Android OS
  • Apple iOS
  • AWS
  • WiFi or 3G/4G connection
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Download the Canada Chain of Trust Identity Verification Case Study